Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Explained

    ✔ The growth of blockchain technology Distributed systems

    ✔ The history of blockchain and Bitcoin

    ✔ Electronic cash Blockchain

    ✔ Blockchain defined

    ✔ Peer-to-peer Distributed ledger Cryptographically-secure Append-only

    ✔ Updateable via consensus Generic elements of a blockchain

    ✔ How blockchain works

    ✔ How blockchain accumulates blocks Benefits and limitations of blockchain Tiers of blockchain technology

    ✔ Features of a blockchain Types of blockchain

    ✔ Distributed ledgers Distributed Ledger Technology

    ✔ Public blockchains Private blockchains

    ✔ Semiprivate blockchains Sidechains Permissioned ledger

    ✔ Shared ledger

    ✔ Fully private and proprietary blockchains Tokenized blockchains

    ✔ Tokenless blockchains Consensus

    ✔ Consensus mechanism

    ✔ Types of consensus mechanisms Consensus in blockchain

    ✔ CAP theorem and blockchain

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Decentralization using blockchain Methods of decentralization

    ✔ Disintermediation

    ✔ Contest-driven decentralization Routes to decentralization

    ✔ How to decentralize

    ✔ The decentralization framework example

    ✔ Blockchain and full ecosystem decentralization Storage

    ✔ Communication

    ✔ Computing power and decentralization Smart contracts

    ✔ Decentralized Organizations

    ✔ Decentralized Autonomous Organizations Decentralized Autonomous Corporations Decentralized Autonomous Societies Decentralized Applications (DApps)

    ✔ Requirements of a Decentralized Application Operations of a DApp

    ✔ DApp examples

    ✔ KYC-Chain

    ✔ OpenBazaar Lazooz

    ✔ Platforms for decentralization Ethereum

    ✔ MaidSafe Lisk

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Working with the OpenSSL command line Introduction

    ✔ Mathematics

    ✔ Set Group Field

    ✔ A finite field Order

    ✔ An abelian group Prime fields Ring

    ✔ A cyclic group Modular arithmetic

    ✔ Cryptography Confidentiality

    ✔ Integrity Authentication

    ✔ Entity authentication Data origin authentication

    ✔ Non-repudiation

    ✔ Accountability Cryptographic primitives

    ✔ Symmetric cryptography

    ✔ Stream ciphers Block ciphers

    ✔ Block encryption mode Electronic Code Book Cipher Block Chaining Counter mode

    ✔ Keystream generation mode Message authentication mode Cryptographic hash mode

    ✔ Data Encryption Standard Advanced Encryption Standard

    ✔ How AES works

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Asymmetric cryptography Integer factorization Discrete logarithm

    ✔ Elliptic curves Public and private keys

    ✔ RSA

    ✔ Encryption and decryption using RSA Elliptic Curve Cryptography

    ✔ Mathematics behind ECC

    ✔ Point addition

    ✔ Point doubling Discrete logarithm problem in ECC

    ✔ RSA using OpenSSL

    ✔ RSA public and private key pair Private key

    ✔ Public key

    ✔ Exploring the public key Encryption and decryption

    ✔ Encryption

    ✔ Decryption ECC using OpenSSL

    ✔ ECC private and public key pair Private key

    ✔ Private key generation Hash functions

    ✔ Compression of arbitrary messages into fixed-length digest Easy to compute

    ✔ Preimage resistance Second preimage resistance Collision resistance

    ✔ Message Digest

    ✔ Secure Hash Algorithms

    ✔ Design of Secure Hash Algorithms Design of SHA-256

    ✔ Design of SHA-3 (Keccak)

    ✔ OpenSSL example of hash functions Message Authentication Codes MACs using block ciphers

    ✔ Hash-based MACs Merkle trees

    ✔ Patricia trees Distributed Hash Tables

    ✔ Digital signatures

    ✔ RSA digital signature algorithm Sign then encrypt

    ✔ Encrypt then sign

    ✔ Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm

    ✔ How to generate a digital signature using OpenSSL ECDSA using OpenSSL

    ✔ Homomorphic encryption Signcryption

    ✔ Zero-Knowledge Proofs Blind signatures

    ✔ Encoding schemes Financial markets and trading

    ✔ Trading Exchanges

    ✔ Orders and order properties

    ✔ Order management and routing systems Components of a trade

    ✔ The underlying instrument General attributes Economics

    ✔ Sales Counterparty

    ✔ Trade life cycle Order anticipators Market manipulation

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Bitcoin

    ✔ Bitcoin definition Bitcoin – a bird’s-eye view

    ✔ Sending a payment to someone Digital keys and addresses

    ✔ Private keys in Bitcoin

    ✔ Public keys in Bitcoin Addresses in Bitcoin

    ✔ Base58Check encoding Vanity addresses

    ✔ Multisignature addresses

    ✔ Transactions

    ✔ The transaction life cycle Transaction fee

    ✔ Transaction pools

    ✔ The transaction data structure Metadata

    ✔ Inputs Outputs Verification

    ✔ The script language

    ✔ Commonly used opcodes Types of transactions

    ✔ Coinbase transactions

    ✔ Contracts

    ✔ Transaction verification

    ✔ Transaction malleability

    ✔ Blockchain

    ✔ The structure of a block

    ✔ The structure of a block header The genesis block

    ✔ Mining

    ✔ Tasks of the miners Mining rewards Proof of Work (PoW) The mining algorithm

    ✔ The hash rate Mining systems

    ✔ CPU GPU FPGA ASICs

    ✔ Mining pools

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ The Bitcoin network Wallets

    ✔ Non-deterministic wallets Deterministic wallets Hierarchical Deterministic wallets Brain wallets

    ✔ Paper wallets Hardware wallets Online wallets Mobile wallets

    ✔ Bitcoin payments Innovation in Bitcoin

    ✔ Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs) Advanced protocols

    ✔ Segregated Witness (SegWit) Bitcoin Cash

    ✔ Bitcoin Unlimited Bitcoin Gold

    ✔ Bitcoin investment and buying and selling bitcoins

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Bitcoin installation

    ✔ Types of Bitcoin Core clients Bitcoind

    ✔ Bitcoin-cli Bitcoin-qt

    ✔ Setting up a Bitcoin node

    ✔ Setting up the source code Setting up bitcoin.conf Starting up a node in testnet Starting up a node in regtest Experimenting with Bitcoin-cli

    ✔ Bitcoin programming and the command-line interface

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Theoretical foundations Alternatives to Proof of Work

    ✔ Proof of Storage

    ✔ Proof of Stake (PoS) Various stake types

    ✔ Proof of coinage Proof of Deposit (PoD) Proof of Burn

    ✔ Proof of Activity (PoA)

    ✔ Nonoutsourceable puzzles

    ✔ Difficulty adjustment and retargeting algorithms Kimoto Gravity Well

    ✔ Dark Gravity Wave DigiShield

    ✔ MIDAS

    ✔ Bitcoin limitations

    ✔ Privacy and anonymity Mixing protocols

    ✔ Third-party mixing protocols

    ✔ Inherent anonymity

    ✔ Extended protocols on top of Bitcoin Colored coins

    ✔ Counterparty Development of altcoins

    ✔ Consensus algorithms Hashing algorithms

    ✔ Difficulty adjustment algorithms Inter-block time

    ✔ Block rewards Reward halving rate

    ✔ Block size and transaction size Interest rate

    ✔ Coinage

    ✔ Total supply of coins

    ✔ Namecoin

    ✔ Trading Namecoins Obtaining Namecoins Generating Namecoin records

    ✔ Litecoin Primecoin

    ✔ Trading Primecoin

    ✔ Mining guide

    ✔ Zcash

    ✔ Trading Zcash Mining guide

    ✔ Address generation GPU mining

    ✔ Downloading and compiling nheqminer Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs)

    ✔ ERC20 tokens

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ History Definition

    ✔ Ricardian contracts

    ✔ Smart contract templates Oracles

    ✔ Smart Oracles

    ✔ Deploying smart contracts on a blockchain

    ✔ The DAO

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Introduction

    ✔ The yellow paper

    ✔ Useful mathematical symbols Ethereum blockchain

    ✔ Ethereum – bird’s eye view The Ethereum network

    ✔ Mainnet

    ✔ Testnet Private net

    ✔ Components of the Ethereum ecosystem

    ✔ Keys and addresses Accounts

    ✔ Types of accounts Transactions and messages

    ✔ Contract creation transaction Message call transaction Messages

    ✔ Calls

    ✔ Transaction validation and execution The transaction substate

    ✔ State storage in the Ethereum blockchain The world state

    ✔ The account state Transaction receipts

    ✔ Ether cryptocurrency / tokens (ETC and ETH) The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)

    ✔ Execution environment Machine state

    ✔ The iterator function Smart contracts

    ✔ Native contracts

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Programming languages Runtime bytecode

    ✔ Opcodes and their meaning Arithmetic operations Logical operations Cryptographic operations Environmental information Block information

    ✔ Stack, memory, storage, and flow operations Push operations

    ✔ Duplication operations Exchange operations Logging operations

    ✔ System operations Blocks and blockchain

    ✔ The genesis block

    ✔ The block validation mechanism Block finalization

    ✔ Block difficulty

    ✔ Gas Fee schedule

    ✔ Forks in the blockchain Nodes and miners

    ✔ The consensus mechanism

    ✔ Ethash

    ✔ CPU mining GPU mining Benchmarking Mining rigs

    ✔ Mining pools

    ✔ Wallets and client software Geth

    ✔ Eth Pyethapp Parity

    ✔ Light clients Installation Eth installation Mist browser Geth

    ✔ The geth console

    ✔ Funding the account with bitcoin Parity installation

    ✔ Creating accounts using the parity command line APIs, tools, and DApps

    ✔ Applications (DApps and DAOs) developed on Ethereum

    ✔ Tools Supporting protocols

    ✔ Whisper Swarm

    ✔ Scalability, security, and other challenges Trading and investment

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Setting up a private net Network ID

    ✔ The genesis file Data directory

    ✔ Flags and their meaning

    ✔ Static nodes Starting up the private network

    ✔ Running Mist on private net Deploying contracts using Mist

    ✔ Block explorer for private net / local Ethereum block explorer

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Languages

    ✔ Compilers

    ✔ Solidity compiler (solc) Installation on Linux

    ✔ Installation on macOS

    ✔ Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

    ✔ Remix

    ✔ Tools and libraries

    ✔ Node version 7 EthereumJS

    ✔ Ganache

    ✔ MetaMask Truffle

    ✔ Installation

    ✔ Contract development and deployment Writing

    ✔ Testing

    ✔ Solidity language Types

    ✔ Value types

    ✔ Boolean Integers

    ✔ Address Literals

    ✔ Integer literals String literals Hexadecimal literals

    ✔ Enums Function types

    ✔ Internal functions

    ✔ External functions Reference types

    ✔ Arrays Structs

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Web3

    ✔ Data location Mappings

    ✔ Global variables Control structures

    ✔ Events  Inheritance Libraries

    ✔ Functions

    ✔ Layout of a Solidity source code file Version pragma

    ✔ Import Comments

    ✔ Contract deployment

    ✔ POST requests

    ✔ The HTML and JavaScript frontend Installing web3.js

    ✔ Example

    ✔ Creating a web3 object

    ✔ Checking availability by calling any web3 method Contract functions

    ✔ Development frameworks Truffle

    ✔ Initializing Truffle Interaction with the contract Another example

    ✔ An example project – Proof of Idea

    ✔ Oracles

    ✔ Deployment on decentralized storage using IPFS Installing IPFS

    ✔ Distributed ledgers

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Projects under Hyperledger Fabric

    ✔ Sawtooth Lake Iroha

    ✔ Burrow Indy Explorer Cello Composer Quilt

    ✔ Hyperledger as a protocol The reference architecture

    ✔ Requirements and design goals of Hyperledger Fabric

    ✔ The modular approach Privacy and confidentiality Scalability

    ✔ Deterministic transactions Identity

    ✔ Auditability Interoperability Portability

    ✔ Rich data queries

    ✔ Fabric

    ✔ Hyperledger Fabric

    ✔ Membership services Blockchain services

    ✔ Consensus services Distributed ledger

    ✔ The peer to peer protocol Ledger storage

    ✔ Chaincode services Components of the fabric

    ✔ Peers Orderer nodes Clients Channels

    ✔ World state database Transactions

    ✔ Membership Service Provider (MSP) Smart contracts

    ✔ Crypto service provider Applications on blockchain Chaincode implementation The application model

    ✔ Consensus in Hyperledger Fabric

    ✔ The transaction life cycle in Hyperledger Fabric Sawtooth Lake

    ✔ PoET

    ✔ Transaction families Consensus in Sawtooth

    ✔ The development environment – Sawtooth Lake

    ✔ Corda

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Architecture

    ✔ State objects Transactions Consensus

    ✔ Flows Components

    ✔ Nodes

    ✔ The permissioning service Network map service Notary service

    ✔ Oracle service Transactions Vaults CorDapp

    ✔ The development environment – Corda

    ✔ Blockchains

    ✔ Kadena Ripple

    ✔ Transactions

    ✔ Payments related Order related

    ✔ Account and security-related Interledger

    ✔ Application layer Transport layer Interledger layer Ledger layer

    ✔ Stellar Rootstock

    ✔ Sidechain

    ✔ Drivechain

    ✔ Quorum

    ✔ Tezos Storj

    ✔ Transaction manager Crypto Enclave QuorumChain Network manager

    ✔ MaidSafe BigchainDB

    ✔ MultiChain Tendermint

    ✔ Tendermint Core

    ✔ Tendermint Socket Protocol (TMSP) Platforms and frameworks

    ✔ Eris

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Physical object layer Device layer

    ✔ Network layer

    ✔ Management layer Application layer

    ✔ IoT blockchain experiment

    ✔ First node setup Raspberry Pi node setup

    ✔ Installing Node.js

    ✔ Circuit Government

    ✔ Border control Voting

    ✔ Citizen identification (ID cards) Miscellaneous

    ✔ Health Finance

    ✔ Insurance

    ✔ Post-trade settlement Financial crime prevention

    ✔ Media

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Scalability

    ✔ Network plane Consensus plane Storage plane View plane

    ✔ Block size increase Block interval reduction

    ✔ Invertible Bloom Lookup Tables Sharding

    ✔ State channels Private blockchain

    ✔ Proof of Stake Sidechains

    ✔ Subchains

    ✔ Tree chains (trees) Block propagation Bitcoin-NG

    ✔ Plasma

    ✔ Privacy

    ✔ Indistinguishability Obfuscation Homomorphic encryption

    ✔ Zero-Knowledge Proofs State channels

    ✔ Secure multiparty computation

    ✔ Usage of hardware to provide confidentiality CoinJoin

    ✔ Confidential transactions

    ✔ MimbleWimble Security

    ✔ Smart contract security

    ✔ Formal verification and analysis Oyente tool

    ✔ Summary

    ✔ Application-specific blockchains (ASBCs) Enterprise-grade blockchains

    ✔ Private blockchains Start-ups

    ✔ Strong research interest Standardization Enhancements

    ✔ Real-world implementations Consortia

    ✔ Answers to technical challenges Convergence

    ✔ Education of blockchain technology Employment

    ✔ Cryptoeconomics Research in cryptography

    ✔ New programming languages Hardware research and development

    ✔ Research in formal methods and security Alternatives to blockchains Interoperability efforts

    ✔ Blockchain as a Service

    ✔ Efforts to reduce electricity consumption Other challenges

    ✔ Regulation

    ✔ Dark side Blockchain research

    ✔ Smart contracts Centralization issues

    ✔ Limitations in cryptographic functions Consensus algorithms

    ✔ Scalability

    ✔ Code obfuscation Notable projects

    ✔ Zcash on Ethereum CollCo

    ✔ Cello Qtum Bitcoin-NG Solidus Hawk

    ✔ Town-Crier SETLCoin TEEChan Falcon Bletchley

    ✔ Casper Miscellaneous tools

    ✔ Solidity extension for Microsoft Visual Studio MetaMask

    ✔ Stratis Embark DAPPLE

    ✔ Meteor uPort INFURA

    ✔ Convergence with other industries Future

    ✔ Summary

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